Hal-joojin adeegga wax soo iibsiga ee heerka wershadaha

Marka hore, alaabooyinka warshaduhu waxay ku jiraan heerkul aad u sarreeya oo aad u sarreeya / hooseeya, qoyaan badan, ceeryaamo milix ah iyo shucaaca elektromagnetic ee jawi adag, isticmaalka jawi adag, sidaas darteed chips-ka warshadaha waa inay lahaadaan xasillooni, isku hallayn sare iyo ammaan sare, iyo Hayso nolol dheer oo adeeg ah (si aad awood u yeelato, tusaale ahaan, waxay u baahan tahay heerka guuldarada codsiga chip-warshadaha ee wax ka yar hal milyan, alaabada muhiimka ah qaarkood waxay u baahan yihiin "0 "qiimaha lumay, shuruudaha nolosha naqshadeynta 7 * 24 saacadood, 10-20 sano oo shaqo joogto ah (Iyadoo heerka guuldarada macaamiisha elektiroonigga ah ee boqolkiiba saddex kun, nolosha naqshadeynta ee 1-3 sano) Sidaa darteed, naqshadeynta iyo soo saarista chips-yada warshadaha si loo hubiyo xakamaynta wax-soo-saarka adag, oo u baahan boqolaal milyan oo chips oo leh hubin joogta ah oo tayo leh. awoodaha, iyo qaar ka mid ah alaabooyinka heerka warshadaha xitaa waxay u baahan yihiin inay habeeyaan habka wax soo saarka ee go'an.

Marka labaad, chips warshadaha si ay u daboolaan baahida gaarka ah ee alaabta kala duwan, oo sidaas daraaddeed ma laha sifooyinka chips macaamiisha si ay u raacaan caalamiga ah, heerka, qiimaha xasaasiga ah.Chips-warshaduhu inta badan waa qaybo kala duwan, hal qayb oo cabbir yar laakiin leh qiime sare oo lagu daray, waxay u baahan yihiin is-dhexgalka dhow ee R & D iyo codsiyada, cilmi-baarista iyo horumarinta xaaladaha codsiga, iyo xalalka dhinaca codsiga, sidaas darteed hal-abuurka codsigu waa mid muhiim ah. sida hal-abuurnimo tignoolajiyadeed.Dhammaan suuqa-chip-warshadaha si sahal ah uma saameeyaa isbedbedelka kobaca warshad keliya.Sidaa darteed, isbedbedelka qiimaha ayaa aad uga fog isbeddellada ku yimaadda chips-yada dhijitaalka ah sida chips-ka xusuusta iyo wareegyada macquulka ah, iyo isbeddellada suuqyadu waa kuwo yar.Sameeyaha chip-warshadaha adduunka ugu weyn Texas Instruments wax soo saarka heerka warshadaha ilaa in ka badan 10,000 nooc, faa'iidada guud ee wax soo saarka ilaa in ka badan 60%, halka kobaca dakhliga sanadlaha ah sidoo kale waa mid deggan.

Seddexaad, qaabka horumarinta ugu weyn ee shirkadaha chip warshadaha ee qaabka IDM.Waxqabadka chip warshadaha aad ayuu u kala duwan yahay, iyadoo la adeegsanayo habab badan oo gaar ah, sida BCD (Biploar, CMOS, DMOS), meelaha soo noqnoqda iyo SiGe (silicon germanium) iyo GaAs (gallium arsenide), wax qabad badan oo khadka wax soo saarka is-dhisay. si loo muujiyo sida ugu wanaagsan, inta badan waxay u baahan yihiin in la habeeyo habka iyo baakadaha, iyo naqshadeynta iyo habka qoto dheer ee isdhexgalka si loo daboolo baahiyaha xaaladaha codsiga warshadaha gaarka ah.Qaabka IDM waxa uu wanaajin karaa wax soo saarka wax soo saarka waxana uu yarayn karaa kharashaadka wax soo saarka iyada oo loo marayo hababka wax soo saarka ee la habeeyey, sidaas awgeed waxa uu noqonayaa qaabka horumarinta ee la door bidayo shirkadaha hormoodka ah ee warshadaha.Dakhliga iibka chip-warshadaha caalamiga ah ee ku dhow $48.56 bilyan, $37 bilyan ee dakhliga waxaa ka qaybqaata shirkadaha IDM, iyo 18 ka mid ah 20ka shirkadood ee ugu sarreeya warshadaha chips waa shirkado IDM ah.

Afar, diiradda suuqa ee shirkadaha chip-warshadaha ayaa ah mid aad u sarreeya, xaaladda kuwa waaweynna waa mid deggan muddo dheer.Iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay dabeecadda aadka u kala qaybsan ee suuqa wershadaha, shirkadaha waaweyn ee leh awoodaha is-dhexgalka qaarkood, geeddi-socod u go'an iyo awoodda wax-soo-saarku waxay u janjeeraan inay qabsadaan qayb weyn oo suuqa ah, oo ay sii wadaan inay sii weynaadaan oo ay sii xoogaystaan ​​iibsiga iyo faa'iidooyinka.Intaa waxaa dheer, iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay warshadaha chip-warshadaha guud ahaan dib u cusbooneysiinta badeecada, taasoo keentay in shirkado cusub ay soo galaan goobtan, qaabka monopoly-ka warshaduhu wuxuu sii wadaa inuu xoojiyo.Sidaa darteed, nidaamka suuqa chip-warshadaha oo dhan wuxuu muujinayaa sifooyinka "weyn had iyo jeer waa weyn yahay, saameynta monopoly suuqa waa mid muhiim ah".Waqtigan xaadirka ah, 40-ka shirkadood ee ugu sarreeya adduunka ayaa haysta 80% wadarta guud ee saamiga suuqa, halka suuqa warshadaha ee Mareykanka, 20-ka shirkadood ee ugu sarreeya Mareykanka ay ku darsadeen 92.8% saamiga suuqa.

Heerka horumarinta chip-warshadaha Shiinaha

Iyada oo Shiinaha ay si xoog leh u dhiirrigelinayso kaabayaasha cusub iyo Internet-ka warshadaha, cabbirka suuqa wershadaha Shiinaha ayaa sidoo kale arki doona kobac degdeg ah.Marka la gaaro 2025, waxaa la filayaa in baahida sanadlaha ah ee chips ee koronto ee Shiinaha, gaadiidka tareenka, tamarta iyo kiimikooyinka, degmada iyo goobaha kale ee warshadaha ay ku dhowdahay RMB 200 bilyan.Marka loo eego cabbirka suuqa ee warshadaha Shiinaha ee 2025 waxay dhaaftay qiyaasaha 2 trillion, baahida loo qabo chips-ka warshadaha oo keliya ayaa lagu tiriyaa 10%.Waxaa ka mid ah, wadarta guud ee baahida xisaabinta warshadaha iyo chips-ka xakamaynta, chips-yada analogga ah iyo dareemayaasha ayaa lagu tiriyaa in ka badan 60%.

Taas bedelkeeda, inkastoo Shiinaha uu yahay waddan warshadeed oo weyn, laakiin xiriirka aasaasiga ah ee chip-ka ayaa aad uga dambeeya.Waqtigan xaadirka ah, Shiinuhu wuxuu leeyahay tiro shirkado jajab ah oo warshadeed ah, nambarku maaha mid aad u sarreeya, laakiin guud ahaan kala qaybsanaanta, ma samayn is-dhexgal, tartan dhammaystiran ayaa ka daciifsan kuwa soo saarayaasha ajnabiga ah, iyo alaabooyinka inta badan waxay ku urursan yihiin suuqa hoose.Marka loo eego xogta dhowaan laga helay IC Insights, Machadka Horumarinta Istaraatiijiyadda Caalamiga ah ee Tiknoolajiyada Warshadaha ee Taiwan, 10ka shirkadood ee ugu sarreeya ee naqshadeynta IC ee 2019 waa, siday u kala horreeyaan, Heisi, Kooxda Ziguang, Howe Technology, Bitmain, ZTE Microelectronics, Huada Integrated Circuit, Nanrui Smartcore Microelectronics , ISSI, Zhaoyi Innovation, iyo Datang Semiconductor.Waxaa ka mid ah, kaalinta toddobaad ee Beijing Smartcore Microelectronics, waa tan kaliya ee liiskan dakhliga ka soo gala soosaarayaasha chips-ka warshadaha, kuwa kale waxay u badan yihiin chips-ka macaamiisha ee isticmaalka rayidka ah.

Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira qaar ka mid ah naqshadeynta gudaha iyo wax soo saarka ee soosaarayaasha heerka warshadaha ee aan ka muuqan liiskan, gaar ahaan dareemayaasha iyo qalabka korontada, shirkadaha maxaliga ah qaarkood ayaa sameeyay horumar.Sida Goer waa hormuudka dareenka gudaha gudaha, warshadaha korantada-acoustic-ka qaybaha micro-coustic-ka iyo alaabada korantada ee macaamiisha ee horumarinta iyo soo saarista tartan aad u tartan badan.Marka la eego aaladaha korantada, shirkadaha maxalliga ah, oo ay matalaan CNMC iyo BYD, waxay gaadheen natiijooyin wanaagsan oo ku saabsan IGBT, iyagoo ogaanaya beddelka gudaha ee IGBT ee baabuurta korantada iyo xadiidka xawaaraha sare leh.

Guud ahaan, saarayaasha Shiinaha ee chip warshadaha maxalliga ah, alaabta weli inta badan yihiin aaladaha awoodda, gacanta warshadaha MCU, dareemayaal, halka qaybaha kale ee waaweyn ee chips warshadaha, sida wax soo saarka analogga sare, ADC, CPU, FPGA, kaydinta warshadaha, iwm. Weli waxaa jira farqi weyn oo u dhexeeya shirkadaha Shiinaha iyo kuwa wax soo saarka ee caalamiga ah.

Muddo dheer, dhismaha iyo horumarinta nidaamyada warshadaha ee Shiinaha ayaa mudnaanta ka qaatay chips-yada warshadaha, iyo chips-yada loo isticmaalo qalabka warshadaha inta badan waxaa laga soo iibsadaa warshado waaweyn oo ajnabi ah.Ka hor intaysan dhicin khilaafaad ganacsi oo u dhexeeya Shiinaha iyo Maraykanka, soosaarayaasha maxalliga ah ayaa la siiyay fursado tijaabo ah oo yar, kuwaas oo ilaa xad caqabad ku ah horumarinta chips warshadaha maxalliga ah iyo sidoo kale waxyeello u geystay hagaajinta awoodda warshadaha maxalliga ah ee ka hortagga khatarta.Chips-yada warshaduhu way ka duwan yihiin chips-ka macaamiisha, oo leh shuruudaha waxqabadka guud ee sarreeya, wareegyada R&D oo aad u dheer, xasilloonida codsiga sare iyo soo noqnoqoshada beddelka hooseeya.Ka dib markii silsiladda sahayda caalamiga ah la gooyo ama la xaddido arrimo aan suuqa ahayn, way adag tahay in la helo beddel ku habboon muddo gaaban gudahood sababtoo ah khibradda hoose ee ganacsiga ballaaran ee chips warshadaha maxalliga ah iyo sidoo kale tijaabin iyo khalad. iyo dib-u-soo-celinta, sidaas darteed saameynaya hawlgalka nidaamyada warshadaha.Dhanka kale, marka la eego guud ahaan hoos u dhaca dhaqaalaha gudaha, warshadaha dhaqameed waxay u baahan yihiin inay abuuraan qodobbo cusub oo kobaca warshadaha, iyo kaabayaasha cusub ee ku saleysan jajabyada warshadaha ayaa kor u qaadaya isbeddelka iyo tayeynta warshadaha warshadaha, laakiin haddii dhibaatada qoortu ku dheggan tahay. aan la xalin, waxay si toos ah u saameyn doontaa kobaca dhaqaalaha cusub ee warshadaha waxayna xaddidi doontaa horumarinta joogtada ah ee istaraatiijiyada awoodda warshadaha.Iyadoo la eegayo tan, chips-warshadaha maxalliga ah ee Shiinaha waxay u baahan yihiin meel ballaadhan oo horumarineed iyo suuq, taas oo aan ahayn mid waxtar u leh horumarinta warshadaha chip-ka maxalliga ah, laakiin sidoo kale caafimaadka iyo hawlgalka wanaagsan ee nidaamka warshadaha.